New papers on Power & energy systems
45 new papers on power & energy systems in the last 7 days, within Robotics & engineering. These are the 45 Pipette rates most worth reading, with the main result in the authors' own words.
The best of the week
Data center cooling choices shift water impacts across the grid: An integrated water-energy model for sustainable data center development
Air-cooled data centers halve total water consumption relative to evaporative cooling, but increase electricity demand and raise indirect water consumption by one-third, shifting the water footprint from the facility to generators.
PreprintReal-world useGridSFM: A Foundation Model for Solving AC Optimal Power Flow
We introduce GridSFM, a framework that combines a pretrained foundation model across grid topologies with physics-informed fine-tuning for solving AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) at scale.
PreprintBold claims, read criticallyReal-world useEvEMTBench: An Open Benchmark for Machine Learning in Power System Protection
EvEMTBench addresses this gap with an open, executable, and versioned benchmark that fixes these evaluation choices while leaving model design open.
PreprintReal-world useCode availableModularity is Not Enough: Demonstration of a Solderless 400 V DC, 2.5 kW Three-Phase Inverter
These results support the feasibility of repair-oriented, industrially relevant kilowatt-class solderless power converters.
PreprintReal-world useInductive charging systems empowered by stress-annealed nanocrystalline alloys with high induced magnetic anisotropy
This material–system co-design results in an inductive charger with an AC-AC efficiency of 98.51%, a volumetric power density of 9.55 kW/L (including coils and magnetic cores), and thermal stability during high-power operation.
Peer-reviewed journalReal-world usePlanning electric bus systems with solar photovoltaic integration using open transit data: A case study of the Dakar BRT
To address this gap, we present GTFS4EV, an open-source framework that uses publicly available General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data to simulate bus operations and evaluate electrification scenarios.
PreprintReal-world useLearning Control Policies from Heterogeneous Multi-Horizon Time Series in Battery Energy Management Systems
This paper introduces Representation-to-Decision (R2D), an end-to-end imitation learning framework that maps heterogeneous multi-horizon time-series inputs directly to battery control decisions through modular Temporal Feature Extractors (TFEs) and a shared latent representation, without an explicit load and PV forecasting step.
PreprintReal-world useWhen Gigawatts of Computational Load Disappear: Cycle-Space Certificates for Grid Synchronization and Transient Stability
We organize four lines of work---graph-based synchronization conditions, winding-number descriptions of nonlinear power flow, separable convex network optimization, and direct energy methods---into a single cycle-space certificate framework for the lossless fixed-voltage model.
PreprintReal-world useIntelligent Degradation Monitoring in Lithium-ion Batteries via Discharge Incremental Capacity Feature Estimation
This paper proposes a novel neural network-based framework that predicts discharge IC features directly from charging signals, eliminating the need for low-current discharge.
PreprintReal-world usePrivacy-Preserving Coordinated Operation of Power Grids and AI Data Centers: A Checkpoint-Aware Three-Phase Scheme
This paper proposes a hierarchical privacy-preserving coordinated operation scheme between the power grid and AIDCs to address this gap.
PreprintReal-world useReshaping Converter-Network Interactions in Microgrids: From Virtual Impedance to Virtual Two-Port Control
This paper proposes virtual two-port control, which uses four coordinated transfer channels to reconstruct the terminal impedance.
PreprintReal-world useSystem Strength-Constrained Scheduling with Switchable Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Generation Resources
This paper develops a novel framework that simultaneously optimizes IBR operating behaviors and ensures adequate system strength.
PreprintReal-world useOptimal Measurement Selection for Certifiable Voltage Monitoring in Power Distribution Systems
Building on this geometry, we formulate a bilevel optimization that selects measurements to maximize certification capability, introducing a novel safety-violation metric with favorable monotonicity properties.
PreprintReal-world useLunaDrive: A Delay-Compensated High-Voltage GaN FET-Based Motor Driver for Dynamic Robots with Flat BLDC Motors
In this study, a motor driver for high-power flat BLDC motors using GaN FETs is developed.
PreprintReal-world useSource--Grid Coupling in Power System Oscillations: Observational Equivalence, Feedback Detectability, and Modal Interaction
The resulting framework establishes source-grid coupling directionality as a feedback-based dynamical boundary and clarifies when feedback can be inferred from grid-side measurements and why weak feedback may remain unresolved.
PreprintReal-world useComposite Adaptive Higher-Order Control Barrier Functions for Joint Frequency-RoCoF Safety in Low-Inertia SIDS Microgrids
This paper proposes a Composite Adaptive Higher-Order Control Barrier Function (CA-HOCBF) for BESS-coupled virtual synchronous generators that jointly enforces IEEE~1547 frequency ( Hz) and ENTSO-E RoCoF ( Hz/s) limits as hard safety constraints under parametric uncertainty.
PreprintReal-world useCode availableLearning-Based 3D Reconstruction of Power Networks from Aerial Point Clouds
This paper presents an end-to-end framework for reconstructing overhead power utility network topology and extracting span-level physical metadata from large-scale aerial LiDAR.
PreprintReal-world useOptimal Operation Method for Computing Power-Electric Power Coordination Considering End-to-End Completion Latency of Computing Tasks
To address this issue, this paper proposes an optimal operation method for computing power-electric power coordination considering the end-to-end completion latency of computing tasks.
PreprintReal-world useLearning-Based Augmentation and Adaptation for Grid Sim-to-Real Model Discrepancy
To circumvent these issues, we propose a learning-augmented hybrid approach where the operator simulation model is supplemented with artificial intelligence (AI)-learned residual models using the phasor measurement unit (PMU)/ point-on-wave (PoW) based sensed trajectory data.
PreprintReal-world useCommunication Delay Robust Control of BESS for AI Training Load Smoothing
Results demonstrate effective smoothing of AI training load fluctuations across different grid strength conditions and under time varying communication delays.
PreprintReal-world useForced Oscillations in Power Systems Induced by Data Centers Hosting AI Workloads
Using an analytical approach based on transfer functions, we identify critical DTC locations in the power grid at which load fluctuations could induce the largest forced oscillations and further characterize the harmonic spectrum of the resulting system response.
PreprintReal-world useAdaptive State Estimation Under Topological Uncertainty in Unobservable Primary Distribution Systems Using Strategically Placed Sensors
To address these problems, this paper proposes an integrated deep learning framework for simultaneous topology identification (TI) and distribution system state estimation (DSSE) in real-time unobservable primary distribution networks instrumented by a minimal set of synchronized measurement devices (SMDs).
PreprintReal-world useHigh-Voltage Optocoupler Amplifier for Electrostatic Actuators
As an alternative, we demonstrate a high-voltage amplifier using optocouplers as active elements.
PreprintReal-world useMachine Learning-Based State Estimation for an Actual Transmission System Using Field PMU Data
This paper evaluates the feasibility of deploying deep neural networks for PMU-timescale, time-synchronized SE in real-world PMU-unobservable transmission systems using actual data from a US power utility.
PreprintReal-world useOnline Learning-Based Adaptive Hybrid Benders Decomposition for Risk-Averse Optimal Sizing
To address this problem, we propose an accelerated online learning-based adaptive hybrid BD algorithm for a risk-averse 2SP formulation.
PreprintReal-world useGCN-Based Model for Fault Classification in Distribution Networks under Harmonic Distortion
The results demonstrate that a graph convolutional network-based model can effectively classify distribution faults under varying photovoltaic penetration levels and harmonically distorted conditions.
PreprintReal-world useAssessment of the N-1 voltage security of a future Nordic energy system
For comparison, we evaluate a Year 2022 system based on ENTSO-E data.We show that the CE-ESM results for the Nordic countries are not N-1 voltage-secure and that, depending on the grid code and shunt automation requirements, the contingencies with voltage violations range from 1.1% to 17.4%.
PreprintReal-world useMinimizing Bid Cost Recovery for Energy Storage with Uniform Pricing
In the simulation, we compare a BCR-minimizing uniform pricing scheme (UP-BCR) with existing real-time pricing methods under forecast uncertainty and show that UP-BCR substantially reduces BCR and demand payments relative to LMP while maintaining zero merchandising surplus in a copper-plate model.
PreprintReal-world useA Multi-Stage Linear Programming Framework for Three-Phase State Estimation in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids
This paper proposes a multi-stage linear programming (MSLP) estimator for three-phase unbalanced LV grids that reconstructs per-phase nodal voltages under such limited observability.
PreprintReal-world useIterative Single-Loop Coordination of Transmission and Distribution Systems and DER Aggregators with Limited Information Sharing
The results demonstrate that the proposed coordination achieves outcomes very close to those obtained with the centralized formulation, while significantly improving performance relative to the sequential reference, particularly at higher levels of DER flexibility.
Preprint with a published versionReal-world useThe Operational Value of Spatial Dependence in Renewable Forecast Scenarios for Single-Period Economic Dispatch: A Controlled Ablation Study
For this dispatch class, spatially-correlated scenario generation provides limited operational value on its own; grid operators and forecast vendors should instead evaluate dependence models by downstream decision value and prioritize decision-focused training.
PreprintReal-world useHigh-Performance Sensorless Control for High-Speed PMSM with Current Source Inverters
This paper proposes a weak-resonance-based approximation that reconstructs stator currents from inverter modulation commands and feedforward capacitor-current estimation, thereby reducing the sensing requirement to the dc-link current and two terminal voltages.
PreprintReal-world useOptimal Allocation of Grid-Forming Frequency Shaping Control
In light of this, here we explore how to allocate shaping control resources to minimize the transient control effort needed to achieve ideal coherent dynamics.
PreprintReal-world useOptimal Day-Ahead Scheduling of Fast EV Charging Station With Multi-Stage Battery Degradation Model
The paper proposes a day-ahead scheduling framework with a novel multi-stage battery degradation modeling method for an electric vehicle (EV) fast charging station (FCS) equipped with a battery energy storage system (BESS).
Preprint with a published versionReal-world useDistributed Multiconsensus Control of BESSs Based on Centrality of Eigenvectors
Subsequently, a distributed secondary voltage controller and an SoC balancing controller are designed for droop-controlled BESSs to achieve voltage leader-following multiconsensus and SoC balancing, respectively.
Preprint with a published versionReal-world useEvaluating Grid Strength with Rising Penetration of Inverter Based Resources
This paper presents methodologies for assessing system strength across the DEV network and identifying regions that may be vulnerable to such disturbances.
PreprintReal-world usePlug-and-Play Stability Certificates Compliant with Black-Box Models of Devices
This paper presents a new approach to the derivation of decentralized plug-and-play stability certificates that can be calculated using black-box admittance spectra, without requiring white-box models of devices.
PreprintBold claims, read criticallyReal-world useAnalysis and Design of Desaturation Short-Circuit Protection for SiC MOSFET Under High Switching Voltage Transients
From this analysis, a design methodology and safe operating boundary are derived for each DESAT configuration, guiding the systematic selection of component values to balance dv/dt noise margin and short-circuit detection speed for SiC MOSFETs.
PreprintReal-world useImproved Droop Control in DC Microgrids via Voltage-Locked Loop Synchronization
This paper introduces an improved droop control method based on voltage-locked loop synchronization, which ensures DC voltage stabilization with significantly improved transient response and achieves the desired load sharing between the available source converters.
PreprintReal-world useEquivalent Modeling of Load-Side Systems With Distributed Renewable Generation Considering Fault Responses and Nodal Voltage Coherence
This paper develops a procedure for generating low-order physical electromagnetic transient equivalents from a small set of representative operating conditions.
PreprintReal-world useOffline Reinforcement Learning for Distribution-Grid Protection
Offline CQL therefore demonstrates strong faulted-line selection on the simulated fault episodes, while the static trajectories, small non-fault set, and single-seed post-hoc design preclude conclusions about practical relay security or deployment readiness.
PreprintReal-world useCode availableDistributed Cooperative Control with Prescribed Performance of BESSs with A Unified Discharge Constrain for Power Allocation under Dynamic Load
Therefore, the prescribed performance control (PPC) method is applied in this paper to design two distributed estimators based on multi-agent systems (MASs), in order to estimate the power sharing and SoC balance states in real-time under dynamic load driving.
Preprint with a published versionBold claims, read criticallyReal-world useA Distributed Step-by-step Finite-time Consensus Design for Heterogeneous Battery Energy Storage Devices with Droop Control
As all generators are distributed in different areas among large scale power systems, the cooperative manipulation of the multi-generator system cannot be done well without consideration of the distance information of the generators, A distributed step-by-step finite-time consensus scheme for the heterogeneous Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is proposed in this paper, where the coordinated consensus can be come into reality within a limited time, which is appealing for the electrical engineering community.
Preprint with a published versionBold claims, read criticallyReal-world useInternal-Model-Control-Based Virtual Admittance Emulation for Enhanced Grid-Forming Performance
Unlike the state-of-the-art VA control, the proposed VA control ensures that, at frequencies outside the influence of outer loops, the converter's terminal admittance closely matches the target admittance, which is shown to be relevant for stability.
PreprintReal-world useRelationship between Loss of Load Expectation and Frequency of Load Loss Events
This paper shows that LOLE can indeed be calculated as a frequency metric, but only with restricted conditions, and that it differs fundamentally from the standard frequency metric employed in the frequency and duration (F&D) approach.
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